====== L: 04/12/2020 ======

**Master in Informatics and Computing Engineering\\
Information Description, Storage and Retrieval\\
Instance: 2020/2021**
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====== Lecture #8 :: 04/12/2020 ======

===== Goals =====

By the end of this class, the student should be able to:
  * List the semantic web goals;
  * Identify the semantic web technologies and characterize their scope;
  * Describe the RDF model: graph of statements about resources, with subject, predicate and object;
  * Relate RDF graphs with their serialized versions in XML;
  * Describe the classes and properties of RDF-Schema;
  * Query ontologies using the SPARQL language;
  * Identify key concepts of the domain of the dataset under study;
  * List some features of the Protégé tool for ontology editing.

===== Topics =====

  - Introduction to the Semantic Web
    * Components of the Semantic Web
  - Resource Description Framework (RDF)
    * RDF graph; RDF in XML or JSON
  - RDF-Schema: RDF Vocabulary Description Language
    * Classes, Properties, Domains and values
  - SPARQL
    * Query RDF with SPARQL

===== Bibliography =====

  * W3C, //[[http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/|Semantic Web]]//, last accessed December 2020
  * Guus Schreiber, Yves Raimond, //[[http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-primer/|RDF 1.1 Primer]]//, W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004, last accessed December 2020
  * W3C, //[[http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/|RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema]]//, 2004, last accessed December 2020
  * W3C, //[[https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/|SPARQL 1.1 Query Language]]//, W3C Recommendation 21 March 2013, last accessed December 2020
  * W3C, //[[https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/|SPARQL 1.1 Overview]]//, W3C Recommendation 21 March 2013, last accessed December 2020
  * Grigoris Antoniou and Frank van Harmelen, //A Semantic Web Primer//, 2nd edition, The MIT Press, 2008 (chapters 1, 3)
  * T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila. //The Semantic Web//. Scientific American 284, May 2001, 34–43
  * Nigel Shadbolt, Tim Berners-Lee, Wendy Hall, //The Semantic Web Revisited//, IEEE Intelligent Systems, Volume 21, Issue 3, 2006

===== Materials =====

  * J. Correia Lopes, Cristina Ribeiro, Sérgio Nunes. [[..:project#milestone_3semantic_web|Milestone #3: Semantic Web]], September 2020
  * [[http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slide10-0.html|The Semantic Web stack]], in Tim Berners-Lee, //Semantic Web on XML//, W3C, 2000
  * Linked Open Vocabularies, //[[https://lov.linkeddata.es/dataset/lov/|LOV]]//, last accessed December 2020
  * Repository for bio-ontologies, //[[http://bioportal.bioontology.org/|BioPortal]]//, last accessed December 2020
  * Protege ontology library, //[[https://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Protege_Ontology_Library#OWL_ontologies|Protege ontology library]]//, last accessed December 2020
  * Matthew Horridge. //[[http://owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk/publications/talks-and-tutorials/protg-owl-tutorial/|A Practical Guide To Building OWL Ontologies Using Protégé 4 and CO-ODE Tools]]//, Edition 1.3, last accessed December 2020
  * Alan Rector. //[[http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Protege4Pizzas10Minutes|Pizzas in 10 Minutes --- A Quick Demonstration of Handy Shortcuts and Features]]//, last accessed December 2020
  * Protégé. //[[http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Main_Page|User Documentation]]//, last accessed December 2020
  * Download Protege: [[http://protege.stanford.edu/products.php#desktop-protege]]
  * Gene Ontology Consortium, //[[http://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/go-protege-tutorial/latest/go-protege-tutorial.pdf|GO Protege Tutorial]]//, Protégé 5 tutorial for GO Editors. V2, Sep 18, 2017, last accessed December 2020, [[https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/13996/geneontology/protege-tutorial|DOI]]
  * Natalya F. Noy, Deborah L. McGuinness. //[[http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontology-tutorial-noy-mcguinness-abstract.html|Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology]]//, Stanford Medical Informatics Technical Report SMI-2001-0880, March 2001, last accessed December 2020
  * [[.:sampleSPARQL|Sample SPARQL queries on DBpedia]]

===== Tasks =====

  * Identify domain concepts of the dataset under study;
  * Sketch a list of questions that a knowledge base based on the ontology should be able to answer;
  * Evaluate the vocabularies or existing ontologies for the domain;
  * Use the Protégé tool to represent some domain concepts (classes and properties).

===== Summary =====

  * Semantic Web. Components of the Semantic Web.
  * Resource Description Framework (RDF); RDF graph; RDF in XML and JSON.
  * RDF Vocabulary Description Language (RDF-Schema). Classes. Properties. Domains and values.
  * Query ontologies with SPARQL.
  * Work on Milestone 3 in the Course Project, "Semantic Web".
  * Identify domain concepts for the dataset under study. 
  * Search for existing vocabularies and ontologies for the domain.
  * Explore the features of the Protégé tool for ontology editing.

 --- //MCR, JCL, SSN//

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